Things to see in Vatican: 5 plans for a day

Did you know that on your getaway to Rome, you can enjoy a two-for-one experience? Nestled in the heart of the Eternal City, Vatican City is not only the spiritual and administrative center of the Catholic Church but also the official residence of the Pope (talk about a prime location!). For anyone visiting the Italian capital, a trip to this city-state is a must. In this article, we will explore the top five things to see and do in Vatican City.

Before diving into the list, let’s take a brief look at the history of this tiny nation, which is essential for understanding how this 0.44 km² piece of land has become one of the most powerful and influential states in the world.

Understanding the history of Vatican City

The history of Vatican City is intertwined with that of Rome, resembling a historical drama, but instead of Hollywood actors, it features popes. We must go back to the time of Constantine the Great (307-337), the emperor who allowed Christianity to emerge from the shadows and recognized it as the official religion. In the 4th century, following this decision, medieval popes established themselves at the foot of the Vatican Hill and began constructing what would later become St. Peter’s Basilica.

Over time, popes accumulated power in Rome, culminating in the year 756 when Pope Stephen II officially gained control through an agreement with Frankish King Pepin the Short. This marked the beginning of the “Papal States,” territories that the Holy See acquired through donations and conquests.

Up until the Italian Unification in 1861, the Papal States ruled over nearly the entire central region of Italy, including present-day Lazio, Marche, Umbria, and Emilia-Romagna. After 1861, the Papal States continued to exist but were reduced to the Lazio region. They ultimately dissolved in 1870 when King Vittorio Emanuele II annexed them into the unified Kingdom of Italy.

In 1929, the Lateran Treaty between the Holy See and Italy, which was then under the leadership of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, recognized the sovereignty of the State of Vatican City and established it as a sovereign entity.

Throughout the centuries, particularly during the Renaissance (14th-17th centuries), papal patronage and the Church's power transformed Vatican City into one of the world’s most significant cultural centers. In 1984, the architectural and artistic ensemble that constitutes Vatican City was declared World Heritage by UNESCO. The wealth accumulated within (and outside) this territory is likely immeasurable, and it’s safe to say there aren't enough pages to document it all.

⭐ Here you can find more curiosities about the Vatican that you might not be aware of.

Top 5 must-see attractions in Vatican City

Now, let’s explore the five essential sites you absolutely must visit in Vatican City.

1. St. Peter's Basilica

St. Peter's Basilica is one of the most iconic places to visit, not only in Vatican City but throughout Italy. Unsurprisingly, given its impressive architecture, rich history, and religious significance.

Your visit begins at St. Peter's Square, one of the most spectacular and spacious squares in the world. Designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, it features an oval shape surrounded by a portico of 284 columns symbolizing the open arms of the Church welcoming its faithful. At the center stands the Vatican Obelisk, an ancient Egyptian obelisk topped with a cross, which once replaced a sphere that, according to medieval legend, housed the relics of Julius Caesar (now displayed at the Capitoline Museums).

As you approach the Basilica, you will be amazed by the stunning facade adorned with a series of reliefs and statues of eleven of the twelve apostles (alongside St. John the Baptist and Christ at the center). The missing apostle's statue is placed in the square, at the left end of the facade.

However, the true treasure of the Basilica lies within. Here, among other things, you can see:

• The Pietà by Michelangelo, a marble sculpture of the great artist depicting the Virgin Mary holding the body of Christ. Located in the Chapel of the Pietà to the right of the main entrance, it is an instant showstopper that will capture your heart.
• The Baldachin by Bernini: This impressive gilded bronze canopy majestically stands above the main altar of the basilica, symbolizing the grandeur of the Catholic Church and is one of the most emblematic creations of the Italian Baroque period.
• The Tomb of St. Peter: Beneath the main altar lies a site of profound spiritual significance, believed by the faithful to be the resting place of St. Peter, the first Pope of the Catholic Church.

Entry to the Basilica is free, but be prepared for a long queue. It’s recommended to arrive early in the morning to avoid lengthy waits or consider joining a guided tour of St. Peter's Basilica + dome, which includes an elevator ride to the top and helps skip the lines. If you're interested, be sure to book in advance, as this is one of the most popular activities in Rome.

2. Climbing the Dome of St. Peter

Enhance your visit to the Basilica by climbing its dome, undoubtedly one of the most magical moments of your time in Vatican City. While there is an elevator, it only takes you halfway, so you’ll still need to conquer 551 steps on foot or opt to use the elevator to the first level and then tackle the 320 remaining steps on your own. Prices range from €8 to €10.

Regardless of whether you choose the elevator or decide to walk up entirely, be prepared for the last part to be a bit “tricky.” As you ascend those final steps, you may find yourself questioning the necessity of that epic panoramic view in your life… But once you reach the top and behold St. Peter's Square from above, with the Vatican and Rome sprawling out before you, you'll realize that every drop of sweat was worth it. Enjoy the view and snap as many selfies as you can!

3. Vatican Museums

While St. Peter’s Basilica is a marvel, the gold medal for the best attractions in Vatican City undoubtedly goes to the Vatican Museums. Few places hold so much history, art, and wealth within just a few walls.

From the Gallery of Maps to Raphael's Rooms (home to spectacular frescoes like "The School of Athens"), iconic sculptures such as The Laocoön and His Sons, and the Bramante Staircase, ultimately leading to the crowning glory: the eternal Sistine Chapel. Everything inside possesses incalculable value, making it a must-visit at least once in a lifetime.

Important: Purchase your tickets in advance on the official website or through reliable distributors like Tiqets. Alternatively, you can join this Spanish tour that includes a visit to both the Vatican Museums and the Sistine Chapel.

4. The Sistine Chapel: A Masterpiece to See in Vatican City

Describing the Sistine Chapel in just a few words is a challenge. It stands as one of the most incredible artistic expressions of humanity and is considered a masterpiece of Italian Renaissance art, which is no small feat.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel showcases the pinnacle of painter Michelangelo's work. Within it, you will find a series of nine panels representing episodes from the Old Testament. Among these, the central panel, “The Creation of Adam,” is one of the most recognizable and moving scenes in art history. Michelangelo's technique and his ability to capture human anatomy are simply astonishing.

Additionally, the apse of the Sistine Chapel houses another masterpiece by Michelangelo, “The Last Judgment.” Remember that photography is prohibited inside, and trust us, do not even try it; the security guards are like agents trained by the KGB and will catch you instantly.

Access to the Sistine Chapel is included with standard entry to the Vatican Museums, as it is part of the regular tour. If you opt for a guided tour, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for every detail of this masterpiece, which is more than worth it!

5. Papal Audience

Did you know that the papal audience takes place every Wednesday at 9:00 am? Once a week, Pope Francis gathers with faithful from around the world in the majestic St. Peter’s Square. The best part? It’s completely free! However, there are a few details to keep in mind, you know, read the fine print 😉 Don't worry; you won’t have to sell your soul to get in.

To ensure a spot at this exciting event, you simply need to reserve a place, and it's best not to procrastinate, as spots are limited and there’s high demand. So, the key is to do it ahead of time. How? Here is all the information on how to request a spot for the papal audience.

If you miss out on a spot or prefer to avoid the hassle (which could be more straightforward), you can book this guided tour of the audience with Pope Francis.

Not in Rome on a Wednesday? You have another chance to see the Pope during the Sunday Angelus (no reservation needed; just head to St. Peter’s Square for the midday mass).

Bonus: Trastevere

Not far from Vatican City lies one of the most beautiful and picturesque neighborhoods in Rome: Trastevere. Take advantage of your proximity to wander through its colorful and charming streets. You can start your stroll by visiting the Janiculum Park, where you’ll find stunning panoramic views of the city (remember that every day at noon, a cannon fires il Cannone del Gianicolo), and from there, make your way down to the heart of the neighborhood. Check out the best things to see and do in Trastevere.

Even better if your visit coincides with lunchtime or dinner, as you’ll soon discover that this area is filled with authentic restaurants and trattorias, complete with checkered tablecloths and dishes reminiscent of grandma’s cooking—delicious!

Though don’t underestimate the dining options around Vatican City either, as they are quite good! If you find yourself needing a bite between visits, here are five top restaurants where you can eat well in Vatican City.

Did you enjoy this itinerary through Vatican City? Allocate a full day for it; unless you’re a speed walker, these visits require several hours of your time and some planning, especially at the Vatican Museums. While you're there, it’s worth dedicating the time they deserve. Wear comfortable shoes, practice your patience, and enjoy each of the wonders waiting to be discovered in Vatican City!

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